What is SSI?

Shoe Stability Index (SSI) is an indicator of shoe stability, as an index. SSI is derived through mathematically combining the quantified measurements of midfoot stability (TCI) and hindfoot stability (VCI), indicating the shoe’s overall ability to control the motion of the foot.

What is TCI?

Torsion Control Index (TCI) is a measurement of midfoot shoe stability, in inch-pound units (in.-lbs.). TCI is measured through actively twisting a shoe around the longitudinal axis of the shoe, from the heel to the area of the toes joints, simulating rotational forces of the foot, and measuring the shoe’s resistance to this motion.

The higher the TCI, the firmer the midfoot and more torsional stability. The lower the TCI, the softer the midfoot and less torsional stability.

What is VCI?

Vertical Compression Index (VCI) is a measurement of hindfoot shoe stability, in millimeters (mm). VCI is measured through compression of the heel portion of the shoe under a fixed amount of pressure, thereby measuring how the structure of the shoe controls rearfoot motion.

The higher the VCI, the softer the midsole and less hindfoot stability. The lower the VCI, the firmer the midsole and more hindfoot stability.

What is Loaded Heel to Toe Drop?

Loaded Heel to Toe Drop is the measurement in millimeters of the height of the heel relative to the fore foot when compressed to a fixed poundage. This can be defined as vertical support.

What is RI?

Rebound Index (RI) is an indicator of energy return of shoe to the foot, in millimeters (mm). RI is measured through compression of the heel portion of the shoe under a fixed amount of pressure, and then determining how much force the shoe exerts on the foot.

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Shoe Rankings

Rankings for: "Women's Shoes"

View October 2023 Data

Table List Visual List

Level 1 – High Stability/Motion Control

Shoe Weight TCITorsion Control Index (Midfoot Stability) VCIVertical Compression Index (Hindfoot Stability) Vertical Support Loaded Heel to Toe Drop (Vertical Support) Cushion SSIShoe Stability Index Level RIRebound Index Recommendations
LaSportiva – TX Guide 10.9 64.0 in.-lbs (High) 3.00 mm (Max) 6 mm (Max) Firm 89.3 High Stability Medium Supination, Moderate Pronation, Severe Pronation
Salomon – XA Pro 3Dv9 10.3 68.0 in.-lbs (High) 4.42 mm (Max) 6.58 mm (Max) Firm 82.5 High Stability High Supination, Moderate Pronation, Severe Pronation
LaSportiva – Mutant 9.5 51.0 in.-lbs (High) 4.13 mm (Max) 5.87 mm (Max) Firm 73.1 High Stability High Supination, Moderate Pronation, Severe Pronation


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Level 2 – Moderate stability

Shoe Weight TCITorsion Control Index (Midfoot Stability) VCIVertical Compression Index (Hindfoot Stability) Vertical Support Loaded Heel to Toe Drop (Vertical Support) Cushion SSIShoe Stability Index Level RIRebound Index Recommendations
New Balance – 1540v4 9.9 68.0 in.-lbs (High) 6.39 mm (Min) 3.61 mm (Mod) Soft 69.4 moderate stability High Supination, Moderate Pronation, Severe Pronation, Flat Feet
Brooks – Addiction 15 9.6 62.0 in.-lbs (High) 6.01 mm (Min) 5.99 mm (Max) Soft 67.9 moderate stability High Supination, Moderate Pronation, Severe Pronation, Flat Feet


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Level 3 – Light Stability

Shoe Weight TCITorsion Control Index (Midfoot Stability) VCIVertical Compression Index (Hindfoot Stability) Vertical Support Loaded Heel to Toe Drop (Vertical Support) Cushion SSIShoe Stability Index Level RIRebound Index Recommendations
Salomon – SpeedCross 6 8.9 45.0 in.-lbs (Mod) 5.79 mm (Min) 4.21 mm (Mod) Soft 58.1 minimal stability High Supination, Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation, Moderate Pronation, Severe Pronation
Brooks – Ariel 24 9.2 48.0 in.-lbs (Mod) 6.54 mm (Min) 5.46 mm (Max) Soft 55.1 minimal stability High Supination, Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation, Moderate Pronation, Severe Pronation, Flat Feet
Saucony – Excursion TR 17 8.7 50.0 in.-lbs (High) 6.92 mm (Min) 1.08 mm (Min) Soft 53.9 minimal stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation


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Level 4 – Neutral

Shoe Weight TCITorsion Control Index (Midfoot Stability) VCIVertical Compression Index (Hindfoot Stability) Vertical Support Loaded Heel to Toe Drop (Vertical Support) Cushion SSIShoe Stability Index Level RIRebound Index Recommendations
Asics – Gel Kayano 32 8.2 60.0 in.-lbs (High) 10.04 mm (Min) -2.04 mm (Min) Soft 39.7 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation
Brooks – Cascadia 19 9.1 44.0 in.-lbs (Mod) 8.51 mm (Min) -2.51 mm (Min) Soft 39.3 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation
Hoka – Gaviota 6 8.2 57.0 in.-lbs (High) 10.15 mm (Min) -4.15 mm (Min) Soft 37.0 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation
New Balance – 860v14 8.2 40.0 in.-lbs (Min) 9.42 mm (Min) -1.42 mm (Min) Soft 30.5 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation
Saucony – Omni 23 7.7 40.0 in.-lbs (Min) 11.23 mm (Min) -3.23 mm (Min) Soft 18.5 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation
Brooks – Ghost 17 7.8 36.0 in.-lbs (Min) 10.85 mm (Min) -0.85 mm (Min) Soft 18.3 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation
Mizuno – Wave Inspire 22 7.9 40.0 in.-lbs (Min) 11.37 mm (Min) -1.37 mm (Min) Soft 17.5 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation
Brooks – Adrenaline 25 8.1 34.0 in.-lbs (Min) 10.91 mm (Min) mm () Soft 16.6 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation
Brooks – Glycerin 22 8 32.0 in.-lbs (Min) 11.72 mm (Min) -1.72 mm (Min) Soft 9.9 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation
Hoka – Bondi 9 9 38.0 in.-lbs (Min) 12.44 mm (Min) -7.44 mm (Min) Soft 9.1 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation
New Balance – 1080v15 7.2 34.0 in.-lbs (Min) 15.02 mm (Min) -9.02 mm (Min) Soft -10.8 Neutral Stability High Neutral Pronation, Mild Pronation



Shoe Definitions

What is SSI?

Shoe Stability Index (SSI) is an indicator of shoe stability, as an index. SSI is derived through mathematically combining the quantified measurements of midfoot stability (TCI) and hindfoot stability (VCI), indicating the shoe’s overall ability to control the motion of the foot.

What is TCI?

Torsion Control Index (TCI) is a measurement of midfoot shoe stability, in inch-pound units (in.-lbs.). TCI is measured through actively twisting a shoe around the longitudinal axis of the shoe, from the heel to the area of the toes joints, simulating rotational forces of the foot, and measuring the shoe’s resistance to this motion.

The higher the TCI, the firmer the midfoot and more torsional stability. The lower the TCI, the softer the midfoot and less torsional stability.

What is VCI?

Vertical Compression Index (VCI) is a measurement of hindfoot shoe stability, in millimeters (mm). VCI is measured through compression of the heel portion of the shoe under a fixed amount of pressure, thereby measuring how the structure of the shoe controls rearfoot motion.

The higher the VCI, the softer the midsole and less hindfoot stability. The lower the VCI, the firmer the midsole and more hindfoot stability.

What is Loaded Heel to Toe Drop?

Loaded Heel to Toe Drop is the measurement in millimeters of the height of the heel relative to the fore foot when compressed to a fixed poundage. This can be defined as vertical support.

What is RI?

Rebound Index (RI) is an indicator of energy return of shoe to the foot, in millimeters (mm). RI is measured through compression of the heel portion of the shoe under a fixed amount of pressure, and then determining how much force the shoe exerts on the foot.

Level 1 – High Stability/Motion Control

TX Guide

LaSportiva / / 10.9
Overall Stability SSI: 89.3 (High Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 64.0 in.-lbs (High)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 3.00 mm (Max)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): 6 mm (Max)
Cushioning: Firm
RI Index (Energy Return): 12.48 mm (Medium)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

XA Pro 3Dv9

Salomon / / 10.3
Overall Stability SSI: 82.5 (High Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 68.0 in.-lbs (High)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 4.42 mm (Max)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): 6.58 mm (Max)
Cushioning: Firm
RI Index (Energy Return): 22.49 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Mutant

LaSportiva / / 9.5
Overall Stability SSI: 73.1 (High Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 51.0 in.-lbs (High)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 4.13 mm (Max)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): 5.87 mm (Max)
Cushioning: Firm
RI Index (Energy Return): 20.44 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet
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Level 2 – Moderate stability

1540v4

New Balance / / 9.9
Overall Stability SSI: 69.4 (moderate stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 68.0 in.-lbs (High)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 6.39 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): 3.61 mm (Mod)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 26.18 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Addiction 15

Brooks / / 9.6
Overall Stability SSI: 67.9 (moderate stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 62.0 in.-lbs (High)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 6.01 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): 5.99 mm (Max)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 23.88 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet
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Level 3 – Light Stability

SpeedCross 6

Salomon / / 8.9
Overall Stability SSI: 58.1 (minimal stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 45.0 in.-lbs (Mod)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 5.79 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): 4.21 mm (Mod)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 26.20 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Ariel 24

Brooks / / 9.2
Overall Stability SSI: 55.1 (minimal stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 48.0 in.-lbs (Mod)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 6.54 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): 5.46 mm (Max)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 26.14 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Excursion TR 17

Saucony / / 8.7
Overall Stability SSI: 53.9 (minimal stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 50.0 in.-lbs (High)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 6.92 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): 1.08 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 25.07 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet
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Level 4 – Neutral

Gel Kayano 32

Asics / / 8.2
Overall Stability SSI: 39.7 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 60.0 in.-lbs (High)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 10.04 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): -2.04 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 24.92 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Cascadia 19

Brooks / / 9.1
Overall Stability SSI: 39.3 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 44.0 in.-lbs (Mod)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 8.51 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): -2.51 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 25.80 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Gaviota 6

Hoka / / 8.2
Overall Stability SSI: 37.0 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 57.0 in.-lbs (High)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 10.15 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): -4.15 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 24.84 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

860v14

New Balance / / 8.2
Overall Stability SSI: 30.5 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 40.0 in.-lbs (Min)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 9.42 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): -1.42 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 26.26 mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Omni 23

Saucony / / 7.7
Overall Stability SSI: 18.5 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 40.0 in.-lbs (Min)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 11.23 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): -3.23 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 25+++ mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Ghost 17

Brooks / / 7.8
Overall Stability SSI: 18.3 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 36.0 in.-lbs (Min)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 10.85 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): -0.85 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 25+++ mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Wave Inspire 22

Mizuno / / 7.9
Overall Stability SSI: 17.5 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 40.0 in.-lbs (Min)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 11.37 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): -1.37 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 25+++ mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Adrenaline 25

Brooks / / 8.1
Overall Stability SSI: 16.6 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 34.0 in.-lbs (Min)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 10.91 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): mm ()
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 25+++ mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Glycerin 22

Brooks / / 8
Overall Stability SSI: 9.9 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 32.0 in.-lbs (Min)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 11.72 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): -1.72 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 25+++ mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

Bondi 9

Hoka / / 9
Overall Stability SSI: 9.1 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 38.0 in.-lbs (Min)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 12.44 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): -7.44 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 25+++ mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet

1080v15

New Balance / / 7.2
Overall Stability SSI: -10.8 (Neutral Stability)
Midfoot Stability TCI: 34.0 in.-lbs (Min)
Hindfoot Stability VCI: 15.02 mm (Min)
Loaded HTD (Vert Support): -9.02 mm (Min)
Cushioning: Soft
RI Index (Energy Return): 25+++ mm (High)

Injuries View Injury Profiler

Achilles Tendonitis Anterior Shin Splints Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Ilio-Tibial Band Syndrome Lateral Ankle Sprain Medial Shin Splints Neuroma Patello-Femoral (Runner's Knee) Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

Foot Pattern

Supination Neutral Pronation Mild Pronation Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation Flat Feet
foot_mild
Supination Neutral Mild/Moderate Pronation Severe Pronation / Flat Foot
Characterized by a high arch that remains rigid through the gait cycle Characterized by a moderate arch height with a minimal degree of motion through the gait cycle Indicated by a mild to moderate amount of inward rotation of the midfoot (or "collapsing" of the medial arch) when weight-bearing Indicated by a high degree of inward rotation of the midfoot (or "collapsing" of the medial arch) when weight-bearing, to where the foot appears flat.

Determining Foot Pattern

Compare your feet and water footprints to the images seen above. All pictures were taken in a weight bearing position (standing). Once again, these images should only be used as a casual guide until you can be evaluated properly.

The most accurate way to determine your foot pattern is to have a professional observe you walking barefoot. A doctor, physical therapist or a specialty running store should be able to do this for you. Although not perfect, the “water” test can also give you some idea of your foot type. This entails getting your feet wet, walking on dry cement, and observing the prints left behind (see images above).

Please remember that foot patterns are defined by the motion of the foot (or lack thereof) through the gait cycle, and not solely the height of the arch. Although the type of heel strike can often be determined by the wear of a shoe, shoe wear does not always indicate the actual foot pattern (which occurs in the mid-stance of the gait cycle, after heel strike).


2026 test data is now live!